Vibius on Rivers, Springs, etc. (Vib.Seq.)
Vibius Sequester, On Rivers, Springs, Lakes, etc., translated by Claude Sonnet 4.6 on 202603090, based on the Latin text of Geographi Latini Minores, ed. Riese 1878, pp 145-158) with minor tweaks and item numbering from a TEI transcription of the 1967 Teubner edition of Remo Gelsomino at digiliblt.uniupo.it. This text has 637 tagged references to 364 ancient places.CTS URN: urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0291f.stoa001; Wikidata ID: ; Trismegistos: [Open Latin text in new tab]
§ i Nothing useful is known about the author or his son, the aspiring poet or teacher. The father seems to have mined Ovid's Metamorphoses, Silius Italicus and Lucan for names of famous and obscure rivers, lakes, mountains, and swamps, to help his son, far from a library or internet connection, to sound erudite. .
§ pr Vibius Sequester to Virgilianus
My dearest son, most poets have mentioned rivers with great talent and dedication. With just as much labor, I have tracked down the regions, names, and characteristics of these rivers, arranging them alphabetically. I know that doing this will be quite useful for you.
In addition to the rivers, I have also included the names of springs, lakes, marshes, mountains, forests, and peoples—at least those I was able to track down—arranged alphabetically in this little book. By reading this, you will gain a significant amount of knowledge, which is especially important given your profession.
So that I don't burden this letter with any more words, let us begin with that river which holds both the first letter and the first name among all rivers.
§ 1. The Rivers:
Achelous (Aetolia): Said to be the first river to have broken forth from the earth.
Arar (Germany/Gaul): Flows from the Vogesus Mountains and joins the Rhone; its current is so gentle that you can barely tell it’s moving.
Amphrysos (Thessaly): Where Apollo is said to have pastured the flocks of Admetus.
Alpheus (Elis): Runs through the sea all the way to the island of Sicily, where it merges with the fountain of Arethusa.
§ 5 Ascanius (Mysia): Located in Mysia.
Achates (Sicily): Produces pebbles of the same name, from which gemstones are made.
Acheron: The river of the Underworld.
Avens: Flows into the Lake of the Velini.
Anio: Flows through the territory of Tibur into the Tiber; named after Anio, the son of Apollo.
Allia: Located on the Salarian Way, 14 miles from Rome; the site where the Gauls defeated the Romans.
§ 10 Araxes (Armenia): Divides Armenia from the Medes.
Atesis (Verona): Flows into the Po.
Amasenus: Located in the territory of Privernum.
Aufidus (Apulia): Closest to the city of Canusium.
Alentus: Divides Lucania from the Velienses.
§ 15 Asinius (Catania): Flows down to the shore of the Tauromenians.
Anapus (Sicily): Submerges underground for two miles before merging with the sea at Syracuse; the lower part is called the "New Anapos," and the upper part is the "Old Anapos."
Alabis (Megara): Daedalus widened its spring and restored the land that the river had previously devastated.
Acis: Flows from Mount Etna to the sea; Polyphemus is said to have thrown rocks at Ulysses from its banks.
Atax (Pyrenees): Flows around Narbonne into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
§ 20 Atur (Aquitania): Flows from the city of the Tarbelli into the Ocean.
Almon (Rome): Where the Mother of the Gods (Cybele) is washed on March 27th.
Albis (Germany): Divides the Suebi from the Cherusci.
Aous (Apollonia): Flows into the Ionian Sea.
Alto (Dyrrachium): Flows into Illyricum.
§ 25 Arimaspae (Scythia): A people from whose land the Scythians gather gold.
Aeas (Macedonia): Flows into the Ionian Sea.
Achelous (Mount Pindus): Flows through the territory of the Perrhaebians into the Malian Sea; this is a different one from the river that divides Aetolia from Acarnania.
Anaurus (Thessaly): Named "Anaurus" because it emits neither a breeze (aura) nor mist.
Apidanus (Thessaly): Where the Enipeus, Melas, and Phoenix rivers merge; it eventually flows into the Peneus.
§ 30 Asopos (Thessaly): Flows into the Apidanus.
Agragas (Sicily): The town (Agrigentum) is named after this river.
Anigros: Because of the blood of the Centaurs killed by Hercules, its smell drives people away, even though the water used to be very sweet.
The River of the Cicones: A river whose water, if drunk, turns one's internal organs to stone and coats anything dipped into it in marble.
Aternus (Adriatic): Runs through the land of the Marsi, where the city of Ostia Aterni is located.
§ 35 B. Benacus: A lake in Gaul, from which the Mincius river flows through the territory of Mantua.
Baetis: A river of Spain, from which the province of Baetica takes its name.
Bagrada: A river of Africa, near the town of Musti, where Regulus, with the help of his army, killed a serpent measuring one hundred and twenty feet in length.
Barbanna: Flows into Illyricum, where it joins another river.
Bactros: Washes the borders of Hyrcania in Scythia.
§ 40 Brictates: from Mount Thymarus and joins Arinus.
C Caystros: Flows down through Hypaepa, running close to the marshes of Asia.
Camicos: A river of Sicily, from which the city of Camicos takes its name; it divides the territory of the people of Agrigento.
Calos: A river of Moesia.
Cocytus: A river of the underworld, from which the swamp of the Styx originates.
§ 45 Crinisos: A river of Sicily, belonging to the city of Entella.
Calor: Joins the town of Benevento.
Chrysas: Flows near Syracuse, rising from Mount Heraeus.
Cydnus: Flows straight through the middle of Tarsus, the chief city of Cilicia.
Cirta: A river of the people of Massilia, running along past the city of Agatha.
§ 50 Casilinum: A river of Campania, which gives its name to the town of Casilinum.
Crustumium: Gives its name to a town and flows down into the Adriatic Sea.
Cephisos: Rises in the city of Lilaea in Phocis and bends its course around Euboea.
Cinybs: A river of Africa, along which many kinds of gemstones are found and carried by camels to the town of Thybrestrum.
Crathis: Borders the territory of Sybaris; drinking its waters turns hair golden in colour.
§ 55 Clitumnus: A river of Umbria, where Jupiter is worshipped under the same name.
Danube: Also called the Hister, it rises in Germany and flows into the Black Sea through seven mouths.
Drinus: Flows from the marshes of Lake Lychnitis, washing along the Illyrian town of Scodra.
Enipeus: Rises on Mount Othrys in Thessaly.
§ 60 Evenus: Also called the Lycormas; this is the river across which the centaur Nessus carried Deianira, the wife of Hercules.
Euphrates: A river of Parthia.
Eridanus: A river of Cisalpine Gaul, also called the Padus; this is the river where the Heliades were transformed into poplar trees.
Eurotas: A river of Laconia.
Erasinus: A river of Lycia.
§ 65 [Esia: A river of Gaul, flowing into the Seine.]
Faneus: Also called the Siris, it flows near Metapontum.
Fabaris: A river of the Sabines; it is incorrectly called the "Faber" in corrupted usage.
Ganges: The widest river in the East, encircling India; Alexander the Great, after reaching the Ocean, was too afraid to sail it. It is unique in that it flows directly toward the east.
Galaesus: A river of the people of Tarentum.
§ 70 Gallus: A river in Phrygia; those who drink from it are said to go mad with religious frenzy.
Gela: A river of Sicily, from which the town of Gela takes its name.
Genusus: Separates Dyrrachium from Apollonia; it flows down from Epirus.
Hebrus: A river of Thrace, close to the town of Aenus.
Hermus: A river of Lydia, which mingles with the Pactolus.
§ 75 Hiberus: A river of Spain, from which Hispania is also called Hiberia.
Hydaspes: Flows down from the Caucasus through India or Media into the Indus.
Hypanis: A river of Scythia which, as the poet Gallus says, "divides two lands with a single stream": for it separates Asia from Europe.
Halys: A river of Lydia; this is the river that Croesus crossed.
Helorus: A river near Syracuse, from which a city takes its name.
§ 80 Himella: A river of the Sabines, near the city of Casperia.
Hermus: A river of Lycia.
Herbesos: Also called the Endrius; it flows past the town of Alorium through the borders of the territory of Helorus.
Himera: Gave its name to the town of Himera, in the territory of the Thermitani. Stesichorus says this river splits into two branches, one flowing into the Tyrrhenian Sea and the other into the Libyan Sea.
Hypsas: Flows past the city of Inycum in Sicily, a place held dear by Hercules.
§ 85 Hipparis: Also called the Hiccaris; from this river water was channelled to supply the people of Camerina.
Haemus: A river of Lycia.
Hapsus: Flows through the borders of the Taulantii near Apollonia and empties into the Ionian Gulf.
Indus: Defines the western boundary of India, from which India takes its name; it receives the Hydaspes as the latter descends from the Caucasus.
Isara: A river of Gaul, flowing into the Rhone.
§ 90 Isamnus: A river of Dyrrachium, named after the fortress of Idanum.
Ilerda: A river of Spain, from which the town of Ilerda takes its name.
Inachus: A river of Thessaly.
Caycus: A river of Mysia.
Lyncestius: A river of Thrace; those who drink its water become drunk.
§ 95 Lethe: A river of the underworld, so called because it causes forgetfulness.
Liris: Not far from the Marsi and the Vestini; on its banks stands the temple of the nymph Marica at Minturnae.
Lycus: A river of Asia, from which Lycia takes its name.
[Liger: A river of Gaul, dividing the Aquitani from the Celts, flowing out into the British Ocean.]
Lycastus: A river of Crete, from which the city of Lycastus takes its name.
§ 100 Lethaeus: A river of the island of Crete, said to have gotten its name because Harmonia, daughter of Venus, is said to have forgotten Cadmus there.
Mincius: A river of Cisalpine Gaul, flowing close to Mantua and issuing from Lake Benacus.
Maeander: A river of the Carian people in Asia; it is so winding that it doubles back on itself.
[Mosella: A river of Belgica, flowing into the Rhine.]
Minio: A river of Etruria, named after Minio.
Metaurus: A river of Umbria, flowing down into the Adriatic Sea.
Macra: A river of Liguria, running past the city of Luna.
Mathis: A river of Dyrrachium, not far from Lissus.
Marsyas: A river in the Phrygian city of Celaenae.
Melas: A river of Thessaly, flowing into the Apidanus.
§ 100 Nile: The river of Egypt, flowing down from Ethiopia.
Nar: A river of the Sabines, rising in the Apennines and flowing into the Tiber; it passes through Narnia.
Numicus: Flows through the territory of Laurentum.
Niphates: A river of Armenia, rising on Mount Niphates.
Oaxes: A river of Crete, from which the city of Oaxis also takes its name; Varro writes of it: "Oaxis, embracing the land with twin streams."
Orethus: A river of Panormus in Sicily.
Orontes: A river of Syria, rising on Mount Casius.
Padus: A river of Cisalpine Gaul, also called the Eridanus.
Permessus: A river of Boeotia.
Peneus: A river of Thessaly, where the famous forests known as Tempe are found; the Bebryces once held this region.
§ 120 Phasis: A river in Colchis, flowing down from Mount Amarantus.
Pantagias: A river of Sicily, said to have gotten its name from the fact that the sound of its rushing waters could be heard across the whole island, until Ceres silenced it while searching for her daughter.
Pitonius: Flows straight through the middle of Lake Fucinus in the territory of the Marsi, yet its waters do not mix with those of the lake.
Pactolus: A river of Lydia which, as it flows, carries gold along with it.
Phacelinus: A river of Sicily, near Pelorus, bordering the temple of Diana.
§ 125 Pisaurus: Gives its name to the city of Pisaurum and flows into the Adriatic Sea.
Phoenix: A river of Thessaly, flowing into the Apidanus.
Pachynus: A river of Sicily, near the place where the young Sextus Pompey was killed.
R: Rhine: A river of Germany, separating the Belgae from the Germanic peoples.
Rubicon: A river of Gaul near Ariminum, which in former times marked the boundary between Gaul and Italy.
§ 130 Rutuba: Flows from the Apennines into the Tiber [mistaken location?].
Rhone: A river of Gaul, flowing past Lugdunum, Avenio, and Arles, and emptying into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
S. Strymon: A river of Thrace, frozen solid for much of the year.
Sequana: A river of Gaul, flowing around Lutetia of the Parisii and forming an island.
Sperchios: A river of Thessaly, flowing down into the Malian Sea as far as the coast of Locris.
Sybaris: A river of Lucania.
§ 135 Selinus: A river of the Megarians, from which the city of Selinus takes its name, because great quantities of wild parsley grow along its banks.
Sagaris: A river of Phrygia, near the fortress of Berecynthium.
Sebethos: Flows through Naples in Campania.
Sarnus: A river of Nuceria, drawing from the Saron river of the Adriatic, flowing through Campania.
Symaethus: A river of Sicily, near the Palici.
§ 140 Siler: A river in Lucania, near the town of Alburnum.
Sicoris: A river of Spain, near Ilerda.
Saron: A river of the Adriatic.
Tigris: A river of Parthia, which runs underground and mingles with the Red Sea.
Tauromenius: Flows between Syracuse and Messana, from which the town of Tauromenium takes its name; that town is called the land of the pious.
§ 145 Turia: A river of Spain, which flows past Valencia at a short distance.
Tanager: A river of Lucania.
Tiber: Also called the Thybris and formerly the Albula; it rises at the foot of the Apennine mountains in Etruria and flows down to Rome, once forming the boundary between the Etruscan peoples.
Tanais: A river of Scythia, dividing Asia from Europe.
Thermodon: Divides the Colchians from the Amazons.
§ 150 Thrasymenos: of Lydia.
Thapsus: A river of Africa, near Rusicade.
Triocala: Also called the Isburos, flowing near the town of Alba of the Imacarenses.
Thermus: A river of Umbria.
Taygeta: A river of Laconia, where it is the custom to harden children by exposing them to its cold waters.
§ 155 Titaressos: A river of Thessaly, also called the Orcus; it flows down into the Peneus but does not mix with it: instead it spreads out over the top of the river. Some maintain that it is fed by the waters of the Stygian marsh.
Volturnus: A river of Campania, from which the town of Volturnum near Puteoli takes its name.
Virbius: A river of Laconia, near the place where Asclepius restored Hippolytus to life through the art of medicine: which is why the place is also called Virbius, meaning "twice a man."
Ufens: Flows close to Tarracina.
Varus: This river now marks the boundary between Gaul and Italy, a role formerly held by the Rubicon.
§ 160 Ululeus: A river of Dyrrachium, from which the city's water supply was drawn.
Xanthus: A river of Troy, flowing closest to Ilium, descending from Mount Ida; it joins the Simois and empties into the Sea of Marmara. The local people called it the Scamander. It is spelled both Xantus and Xanthus, and in Latin means "golden" or "fair-haired." The name Xanthus was also borne by a horse of both Hector and Achilles.
Xanthus: A river of Lycia, from which a city there also takes its name.
§ 163 SPRINGS
Aganippe: A spring of Boeotia.
Acidalia: Located at Orchomenus.
Clitumnus: At Mevania.
Clanius: At Acerrae in Campania; when it floods, it brings plague upon the surrounding land.
Castalius: At Delphi.
Clitor: A spring of Arcadia; drinking from it causes a hatred of wine.
Camenarum: At Rome.
§ 170 DirceusBoeotia.
Essus: On [?] Rhodes [?].
Gargaphie: A spring of Boeotia, where Actaeon was torn apart.
Hippocrene: A spring of Boeotia (also said to be in Arcadia).
Inessa: A spring of Rhodes, from which the Sicilian city of Inessa takes its name.
§ 175 Libethris: A spring of Boeotia.
Liriope: The spring where Narcissus gazed upon his own reflection.
Menais: A spring at Leontini; the local people are afraid to swear oaths by it.
Spandaeus: On the island of Cos in Asia.
Salmacis: A spring in Caria; those who drink from it are said to grow soft: that is, to become licentious.
§ 182 LAKES
Avernus: [In Campania]; of immeasurable depth, whose bottom cannot be found.
Acheron: The lake by which one is believed to pass on the way to the underworld.
Aecicus: At Apollonia.
§ 185 Ampsanctus: In Lucania; its vapours kill birds.
Cyane: At Syracuse, through which the river Anapus flows.
Cocytus: A lake of the underworld, which passes through the swamp of the Styx.
Cimini: A lake of Etruria.
Feronia: At Tarracina.
§ 190 Fucinus: Among the Marsi.
Hammon: A lake of Africa, which blazes with heat at sunrise and sunset, but remains ice-cold for the rest of the day.
In a lake of Athamania a crescent moon sets pieces of wood alight.
[Lake of Ethiopia]: Those who drink from it are driven either to madness or into a deep sleep.
Larius: A lake of Cisalpine Gaul.
Lucrinus: A lake of Campania.
§ 195 Lemannus: A lake of Gaul.
Mareotis: A lake of Egypt, from which the vines of Mareotis take their name.
Lake of Trivia: At Aricia.
Velinus: Lying between the Nar and the Avens rivers.
Benacus: A lake of Gaul, from which the Mincius flows.
§ 200 GROVES
Angitiae (or Anguitiae): A grove in Lucania.
Clarium: A grove at Colophon.
Dodona: A grove in Epirus.
Idalium: A grove on the island of Cyprus.
Molorchos: A grove at Nemea, named after Molorchus, who showed hospitality to Hercules.
Marica: A grove in Campania, where the nymph Marica is buried.
§ 205 Sila: A grove of the Bruttii.
Thymbra: A grove of Phrygia, named after the herb which in Latin is called cyane.
Tempe: A grove of Thessaly.
§ 208 MARSHES
Ambracia: A marsh of Acarnania.
Asia: A marsh of Asia, near which the Caystros flows.
Camerina: At Syracuse, formerly called Hyperie.
Lerna: A marsh of Arcadia, from which came the hundred-headed Hydra that Hercules slew.
Maeotis: A marsh of Scythia.
Pomptinae: At Tarracina and Forum Appii.
Padusa: A marsh of Gaul, taking its name from the Padus.
§ 215 Styx: A marsh of the underworld, named after Styx, daughter of Ocean.
Satura: Lying between Antium and Circei; also called the Stura.
Strymon: A marsh of Thrace.
Salapina: On the Adriatic coast.
Triton: A marsh of Thrace; anyone who immerses themselves in it nine times is transformed into a bird.
Tyraco: At Syracuse.
§ 221 MOUNTAINS
Aracynthus: In Attica; some say it is in Acarnania.
Arius: On the island of Chios, from which the famous Arian wine takes its name.
Atlas: At the far end of Africa, encircling Mauretania.
Ascraeus: From which a village in Boeotia takes its name, and where Hesiod was born.
§ 225 Aventine: One of the seven hills of Rome.
Alburnus: A mountain of Lucania.
Alps: Dividing Gallia Togata from Gallia Comata.
Etna: A mountain of Sicily, belching forth flame.
Agragas: A mountain of Sicily, near Gela.
§ 230 Athos: A mountain of Thrace.
Apennines: The mountain range of Italy, stretching as far as Ancona.
Albanus: A mountain in Latium.
Arentinus: The mountain on which the city of Praeneste stands.
Amanus: A mountain of Cappadocia.
§ 235 Aganippe: A mountain of Boeotia, formerly called Enippe.
Berecynthus: A mountain of Phrygia.
Vesuvius: A mountain of Campania, which spews forth streams of flame.
Boreas: A mountain at Dyrrachium.
Cithaeron: A mountain near Thebes.
§ 240 Cynthus: A mountain on Delos.
Caucasus: A mountain of India, bordering the Parthians and the Hyrcanians.
Cytorus: In Pontus, in Paphlagonia, famed for its boxwood.
Caelian: One of the seven hills of Rome.
Cybelus: A mountain of Phrygia.
§ 245 Clarius: A mountain at Colophon, from which Apollo takes the name Clarian Apollo.
Cyllenius: A mountain of Arcadia, from which Mercury takes the name Cyllenian Mercury.
Catillus: A mountain at Tibur.
Coras: Also a mountain at Tibur.
Cumerus: A mountain in Picenum.
§ 250 Chimaera: A mountain of Lycia.
Caenys: A mountain of Sicily, overlooking the straits.
Ciminus: A mountain of Etruria.
Calpe: A mountain of Spain.
Corycos: A mountain of Cilicia, where the finest saffron grows.
§ 255 Castalia: A mountain at Delphi.
Dictaeus: A mountain of Crete.
Dodona: A mountain in Chaonia in Epirus.
Dindyma: A mountain of Phrygia.
Eryx: A mountain of Sicily.
§ 260 Erymanthus: A mountain of Arcadia.
Esquiline: One of the seven hills of Rome.
Epidamnus: A mountain at Dyrrachium.
Gargarus: In Phrygia; the highest peak of Mount Ida.
Gaurus: A mountain of Campania.
Helicon: A mountain of Aonia or Boeotia, sacred to the Muses.
Hyperborean Mountains: In Thrace, beyond the northern region of the north wind.
Haemus: A mountain of Thrace, in Haemimontus.
Imaus: A mountain of Pontic Iberia.
Ismarus: A mountain of Thrace, renowned for its olive oil and wine.
§ 270 Ida: One mountain in the Troad; another in Crete.
Lycaeus: A mountain of Arcadia, where Pan is especially worshipped.
Maenalus: A mountain of Arcadia, in the territory of Tegea.
Massicus: A mountain of Campania, in the Falernian district.
Marpessus: On the island of Paros.
Monoecus: A mountain of Liguria.
Maxteria: Near the town of Aurona in Spain.
Vesulus: Also called Maesulus, in Campania.
Niphates: A mountain of Armenia (also said to be in Persia).
§ 280 Neritos: A mountain of Ithaca, from which a harbour also takes its name.
Nysa: A mountain of India.
Nemeus: A mountain of the people of Cleonae.
Olympus: The highest mountain of Macedonia, so tall that its summit rises above rain and clouds alike.
Ossa: A mountain of Thessaly.
Othrys: A mountain of Thessaly.
Oetaeus: A mountain of Thessaly, where Hercules was burned on the funeral pyre.
Oeniphile: A mountain at Dyrrachium.
Parnassus: A mountain of Phocis, rising to two peaks.
Pindus: A mountain of Thessaly.
§ 290 Parthenius: A mountain of Arcadia.
Phanaeus: A mountain of Chios, renowned for its wine.
Palatine: One of the seven hills of Rome.
Pelion: A mountain of Thessaly, where the Lapiths once dwelt.
Pangaeus: A mountain of Thrace (also said to be in Thessaly).
Pholoe: A mountain of Thrace, where the Centaurs were born.
Pyrenees: The mountains dividing Gaul from Spain.
Pylartes: A mountain at Dyrrachium.
Petrae: A mountain at Dyrrachium; the camp of Pompey the Great.
Quirinal: One of the seven hills of Rome.
§ 300 Rhodope: A mountain of Thrace.
Riphaean Mountains: In Scythia.
Rhamnusium: A mountain at Scodra.
Saturnian Hill: At Rome; also called the Capitoline, and likewise the Tarpeian.
Soractis: A mountain of the Faliscan people.
Sarnus: A mountain at Nuceria.
Sipylus: A mountain of Lydia.
Tmarus: A mountain of Molossia.
Tarpeian: One of the seven hills of Rome.
Taenarus: A mountain of Laconia.
§ 310 Tmolus: A mountain of Lydia, renowned for its wine.
Taburnus: A mountain of the Samnites, rich in olive trees.
Taygeta: A mountain of Laconia.
Tetrica: A mountain of the Sabines.
Temtrus: A mountain of Macedonia, close to Apollonia and within sight of Dyrrachium.
Veline Hill: One of the seven hills of Rome.
Vesulus: A mountain of Apulia.
§ 317 PEOPLES
Agathyrsi: A Scythian people of the European part of the world.
Acarnanians: An Epirote people of Europe.
Apulians: An Italic people [of the European part of the world.]
[...]: A people of Asia.
§ 320 Ethiopians: An Indian people of Asia.
Egyptians: A people of Asia.
Barcaeans: A Moorish people of Libya.
Chalybes: A people of Pontus [in Asia].
Cicones: A people of Thrace in Europe.
§ 325 Dryopes: A Phocian people of Europe.
Dacians: A Scythian people of Europe.
Gaetulians: An African people of Libya.
Germans: A people of Europe.
Getae: A Thracian people of Europe.
§ 330 Geloni: A Thracian people, who tattoo part of their bodies.
Garamantes: A Moorish people of Libya.
Gangaridae: A people of India.
Spaniards: A people of Europe.
Indian Arabs: A people of Asia.
Ituraeans: A Syrian people, skilled in the use of the bow.
Carians: A people of Asia.
Lydians: A people of Asia (also said to be in Egypt).
Lapiths: A Thessalian people of Europe.
Lycians: A people of Asia.
§ 340 Leleges: A Carian people of Europe.
Lucanians: An Italic people of Europe.
Massylians: An African people.
Mauri: A people of Libya, bordering [on the Ocean].
Magemburi: A people of Libya.
Marsi: An Italic people of Europe.
Medes: A people bordering on Parthia.
Morini: A people of Europe, bordering on the Ocean.
Numidians: A Moorish people of Libya.
Oscans: A Samnite people, Italic, of Europe.
§ 350 Parrhasians: An Arcadian people of Europe.
Pannonians: An Illyrian people of Europe.
Philyridae: A people of Europe, in Venetia.
Rutulians: The same as the Dauni, an Italic people of Europe.
Seres: A people of Asia, dwelling in the far East.
Sabaeans: An Arabian people.
Sarmatians: A people of Europe.
Teutons: A Gallic people of Europe.
Etruscans: An Italic people of Europe.
Thracians: A Thessalian people of Europe.
Thessalians: A Macedonian people of Europe.
Volscians: An Italic people of Europe.