Chronicle of Lindos

The Lindian Chronicle, translated by Carolyn Higbie. A long, fascinating historical inscription found in Lindos, Rhodes, dating to ca. 99 BCE, recording ancient dedications to Athena Lindia. Greek text at I. Lindos 2 (PHI). The Greek translation, by Carolyn Higbie, is borrowed for ToposText with her gracious permission from The Lindian Chronicle and the Greek Creation of Their Past (OUP 2003). © Carolyn Higbie 2003. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. Reproduced with permission of the Licensor through PLSclear. This text has 73 tagged references to 23 ancient places.
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§ A1  During the priesthood [held] by Teisylos, the son of Sosikrates, on the twelfth of the month Artamitios, it was resolved by the mastroi and the Lindians:
Hagesitimos the son of Timakhos, citizen of Lindos, spoke: since the hieron of Athena the Lindian, both the most archaic and the most venerable in existence, has been adorned with many beautiful offerings from the earliest times on account of the visible presence of the goddess, and since it happens that most of the offerings together with their inscriptions have been destroyed on account of time, it has been resolved with the presumption of good fortune by the mastroi and the Lindians, with the authorization of this decree, that two men be selected. Let these men, once selected, set up a stele of stone from Lartos according to what the architect writes and let them inscribe on it this decree. Let them inscribe from the letters and from the public records and from the other evidence whatever may be fitting about the offerings and the visible presence of the goddess, making the copy of the stele with the secretary of the mastroi, the [secretary] now in office.
Let the hierotamias make a payment to the men selected for the setting up of the stele and the copy of the inscription not more than that which Pyrgoteles the architect declares, 200 drachmas. And let the superintendents show the place in the hieron of Athena the Lindian on which the stele shall be erected in the coming month of Agrianios. If anyone should not carry out any one of the items written in this decree, let him pay as a fine 500 drachmas sacred to Athena Lindia. Selected: Tharsagoras the son of Stratos from Ladarma and Timakhidas, the son of Hagesitimos, citizen of Lindos.

Event Date: -99 GR

§ B1  The following made dedications to Athena:
I. Lindos, a phiale. Which no one was able to discover what it is (made] from, on which had been inscribed: ‘Lindos to Athena Polias and Zeus Polieus’, as Gorgon reports in his investigations in the eleventh book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes the priest of Athena in his letter to the boule, Hieroboulos himself also a priest in his letter to the mastroi.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B9  II. The Telchines, a vessel. Which no one was able to discover what it is [made] from, on which had been inscribed: ‘The Telchines to Athena Polias and Zeus Polieus a tenth of their labours’, as Gorgon declares in the eleventh book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B15  III. Kadmos, a bronze lebes inscribed with Phoenician letters, as Polyzalos reports in the fourth book of his Investigations.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B18  IV. Minos, a silver drinking cup. On which had been inscribed, ‘Minos to Athena Polias and Zeus Polieus’, as Xenagoras states in the first book of his Annalistic Account, Gorgon in the first book of his About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B23  V. Herakles, two wicker shields, one sheathed in leather, the other in bronze. Of these, on the leather one had been inscribed, ‘Herakles, from the Meropes, the [shield] of Eurypylos’. On the one of bronze, ‘The (shield] of Laomedon, Herakles from the Teucrians, to Athena Polias and Zeus Polieus’, as Xenagoras declares in the first book of his Annalistic Account, Gorgon in the first book of his work About Rhodes, Nikasylos in the third book of his Annalistic Account, Hegesias in his Encomium of Rhodes, Aielouros in his work About the War against the Exagiades, Phaennos in his work About Lindos, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B37  VI. Tlapolemos, a phiale. On which had been inscribed, ‘Tlapolemos to Athena Polias and Zeus Polieus, a votive’, as Gorgon states in the first book of his work on Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B42  VII. Rhesos, a golden goblet. On which had been inscribed: ‘Rhesos’ deposit; let him take [it] who.. .’
... Hieron... of his work About Rhodes states that together with the cup he and his Thracian son deposited...

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B48  VIII. Telephos, a phiale with a golden boss. On which had been inscribed: ‘Telephos to Athena a supplicatory gift, as Lycian Apollo said’. About these things Xenagoras reports in his investigations in the first book of his Annalistic Account, Gorgon in the first book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B54  IX. The men making an expedition with Tlapolemos against Ilion, nine shields. nine daggers, nine leather caps, nine pairs of greaves. It had been inscribed on the shields, ‘the men making an expedition with Tlapolemos against Ilion to Athena the Lindian, spoils [of those] from Troy’, as Gorgon states in the eleventh book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B62  X. Menelaos, a leather cap. On which had been inscribed, ‘Menelas, the (leather cap) of Alexander’, as Xenagoras reports in his investigations in the first book of his Annalistic Account, Hegesias in his Encomium of Rhodes, Eudemos in his work About Lindos, Gorgon in the first book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter. But Theotimos says in the first book of his work Against Aielouros that he also dedicated a dagger.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B70  XI. Helen, a pair of bracelets. On which had been inscribed, ‘Helen to Athena’, as Gorgon states in the first book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B73  XII. Kanopos, the helmsman of Menelaos, steering-oars. On which had been inscribed, ‘Kanopos to Athena and Poseidon’, as Xenagoras declares in the first book of his Annalistic Account, Gorgon in the first book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B78  XIII. Meriones, a silver quiver. On which had been inscribed: ‘Meriones the son of Molos, spoils of those from Troy’, as Gorgon states in the first book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B82  XIV. Teucer, a quiver. On which had been inscribed, ‘Teucer, the (quiver) of Pandaros’, as Xenagoras reports in his investigations in the first book of his Annalistic Account, Gorgon in the first book of his work About Rhodes, Gorgosthenes in his letter, Hieroboulos in his letter. But Theotimos in the first book of his work Against Aielouros states that he also dedicated a bow.

Event Date: -1000 GR

§ B88  XV. Each of the phylai, a most ancient plaque. On which was painted a phylarkhos and nine dromeis, all holding archaic stances; on the image of each of them had been inscribed the name and on the first of the pinakes had been inscribed: "The Haliadai, having conquered, dedicated [this] to Athena the Lindian’. On the second, ‘this is the sign of victory; the phyla of the Autochthones, having prevailed, adorned the goddess’.
On the third, ‘the phyle of the Telchines, conquering, dedicated (this) to Athena; Lykopadas the son of Lykeus was leader of the torchlight procession’. About these things Gorgon reports in his investigations in the first book of his work About Rhodes, Xenagoras in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ B101  XVI. Aretakritos and his sons, a vase [ekhinea], which had the base of a krater and on its lip had been inscribed, ‘Adrastos, son of Paltes, established a contest in compensation for the death of Aigialeus’; on base, ‘Aretos and children to Athena Lindia a tenth from the ship, the one from Crete’, as Xenagoras declares in the eleventh book of his Annalistic Account, Gorgon in the second book of his work About Rhodes.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ B109  XVII. Those of the Lindians who with the children of Pankis colonized Cyrene with Battos, Pallas and a lion being strangled by Heracles. These were of lotus wood, on which had been inscribed: ‘those of the Lindians who with the children of Pankis founded a colony on Cyrene with Battos to Athena and to Herakles a tenth of the booty which they took from…’ as Xenagoras states in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ B126  XVIII.
Gorgon
XIX.
XX. Gorgon
XXI.
XXII

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C1  XXIII. Those making an expedition with Kleoboulos against Lycia, eight shields and a golden circlet for the statue.
As Tìmokritos reports in his investigations in the first book of his Annalistic Account; Polyzalos in the fourth book of his investigations.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C6  XXIV. Phaselitai, helmets and sickle-swords. On which had been inscribed, ‘Phaselitai from the Solymoi to Athena the Lindian, with Lakios the oikistes leading them’, as Xenagoras declares in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C11  XXV. Geloians, a great krater. Which had this inscription, ‘Geloians to Athena Patroia, spoils [of those] from Ariaiton’, as Xenagoras states in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C15  XXVI. Amphinomos and his sons, a wooden cow and calf. On which had been inscribed, ‘Amphinomos and children from broad-landed Sybaris, when a ship had been saved, dedicated this tenth’, as Gorgon reports in his investigations in the second book of his work About Rhodes, Xenagoras in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C21  XXVII. Phalaris, the tyrant of the Akragantines, a krater, on one side of which had been embossed the Titanomachy, on the other Kronos taking from Rhea his children and swallowing them down. And on its lip had been inscribed, ‘Daidalos gave me as a xeinion to Kokalos’; on the foot, ‘Phalaris from Akragas to the Lindian Athena’, as Xenagoras declares in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C29  XXVIII. Deinomenes, father of Gelon and Hieron and Thrasyboulos and Polyzalos, being a Lindian, and having colonized Gela together with Antiphamos, a Gorgon made of cypress having a stone face. On which had been inscribed, ‘Deinomenes, son of Molossos, dedicated to Athena the Lindian a tenth from (those of) Sicily’, as Xenagoras reports in his investigations in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C36  XXIX. Amasis, king of the Egyptians, a linen corslet, of which each thread had 560 strands. About which Herodotus the Thurian testifies in the second book of his Investigations, Polyzalos in the fourth book. But Hieron in the first book of his work About Rhodes states that he also dedicated along with the corslet two golden statues.
Hagelokhos in the eleventh book of his Annalistic Account, Aristion in the first book of his Annalistic Account, Aristonymos in his Collection of Dates, Onomastos in the first book of his Annalistic Account.
But Xenagoras in the first and fourth books of his Annalistic Account says that along with the corslet and the two statues, he also dedicated ten phialai, and that inscribed on the statues were two verses of which one goes like this, ‘King of Egypt renowned far and wide, Amasis, made a ceremonial presentation’; the other had been inscribed by means of the letters known as ‘hieratic’ among the Egyptians. Even Hieroboulos himself says this in his letter to the mastroi.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C56  XXX. Akragantines, a Palladion, of which the extremities were ivory. On which had been inscribed, ‘Akragantines to Athena the Lindian spoils (from those] of Minoa’, as Xenagoras declares in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C60  XXXI. ... lis, the uncle of Hippokrates, the tyrant in Gela, wooden statues, which were called daidaleia. On which had been inscribed, ‘...lis the son of Sosilas to Athena Lindia, a votive, himself and also his two sons, these daidaleian works dedicated’, as Xenagoras States in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -600 GR

§ C65  XXXII. (...) the general of the King of the Persians, (Darius,...] and a torque and a Persian cap and armlets and a Persian curved short sword and trousers, as Eudemos states in his work Lindian Topics, Myron in the first book of his Encomium of Rhodes, Timokritos in the first book of his Annalistic Account. But Hieronymos declares in the first book of his Heliaka that along with these things he dedicated also a covered carriage, about which Polyzalos also speaks in the fourth book of his Investigations and Aristion in the first book of his Annalistic Account, and Micron in the first book of his work About Rhodes.

Event Date: -500 GR

§ C75  XXXIII. Soloians, a phiale. Which had in the middle a Gorgon, embossed in gold. On which had been inscribed, ‘Soloians to Athena Lindia a tenth and an inaugural offering of the booty which they took together with Amphilochus from...’ and as Xenagoras reports in his investigations in the first book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -400 GR

§ C80  XXXIV. Lindians, a tenth from the spoils of those from Crete and a golden circlet and necklaces and most of the other adornment, which the statue had, they equipped. As Xenagoras declares in the eleventh book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -400 GR

§ C85  XXXV. The damos, a golden torque, Persian cap, Persian curved short sword with much inlay work, together with it golden armlets with inlay work (all weighing one thousand three hundred and seventy five of gold), and the royal garment; by which Artaxerxes, king of the Persians, honoured the damos. As Ergias states in the third book of his Investigations, Zenon in the... of his Annalistic Account, Timokritos in the second book of his Annalistic Account, Hieron in the third book of his work About Rhodes, Hagestratos in the second book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -400 GR

§ C94  XXXVI. Lindians, a Nike thank-offering weighing 1,300 of gold. As Hagelokhos reports in his investigations in the ninth book of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -400 GR

§ C97  XXXVII. The damos, a shield, in accordance with an oracular prediction, that the votive having been offered to Athena, there would be an end of the then current war against Ptolemy Philadelphos.
And there was, as Timokritos declares in the fourth book of his Annalistic Account. It has been inscribed on the shield, ‘the damos of the Rhodians to Athena Lindia according to the oracle’.

Event Date: -275 GR

§ C103  XXXVIII. King Alexander, caltrops [boukephala?]. On which has been inscribed, ‘King Alexander having overcome in battle Darius and becoming lord of Asia, offered sacrifice to Athena the Lindian according to an oracle during the priesthood (held) by Theugenes the son of Pistokrateus.’ These things the public records of the Lindians contain. And he also dedicated armour, on which there is an inscription.

Event Date: -330 GR

§ C110  XXXIX. King Ptolemy, twenty boukephala. On which has been inscribed, ‘King Ptolemy offered sacrifice to Athena Lindia during the priesthood of Athena [held] by Athanas the son of Athanagoras’, as the public records of the Lindians testify.

Event Date: -275 GR

§ C114  XL. King Pyrrhos, boukephala and weapons, which he himself used in dangerous situations, he dedicated in accordance with the oracle from Dodona, as the public records contain. And Zenon reports in his investigations in the second book of his Annalistic Account, Hagelokhos in the second book of his Annalistic Account, Hagestratos in the second book of his Annalistic Account. There is an inscription on the weapons.

Event Date: -275 GR

§ C122  XLI. King Hieron, weapons, which he himself used, as the public records of the Lindians testify. And Hagestratos reports in his investigations in the second book of his Annalistic Account, ... in the Chronicles. It has inscribed on the weapons, ‘King Hieron the son of Hierokles to Athena Lindia’.

Event Date: -250 GR

§ C127  XLII. King Philip, ten skirmisher shields (pelta), ten sarissas, ten caps. On which has been inscribed, ‘King of the Macedonians, Philip, son of King Demetrius, having been victorious over the Dardanians and Maidoi, to Athena Lindia’, as the public records of the Lindians testify.

Event Date: -200 GR

§ D1  Epiphanies.
When Darius king of the Persians sent out great forces for the enslavement of Greece, his naval expedition landed on this first of the islands. When throughout the land people became terrified at the onset of the Persians, some fled together to the most fortified places, but the majority were gathered at Lindos. The enemy established a siege and besieged them, until, on account of the lack of water, the Lindians, being worn down, were of a mind to surrender the city to the enemy.
During this time, the goddess, standing over one of the rulers in his sleep, called upon him to be bold, since she was about to ask her father for the much-needed water for them.
After he had seen the vision, he announced to the citizens the command of Athena. They, reckoning that they had enough to hold out for five days only, asked only for a truce of that many days from the enemy, saying that Athena had sent away to her own father for help, and if there was nothing forthcoming in the allotted time, they said that they would hand the city over to them.

Event Date: -490 GR

§ D26  Datis, the admiral for Darius, when he heard this, immediately laughed. But when on the next day a great dark storm cloud settled over the acropolis and a big storm rained down across the middle, then, paradoxically, the ones being besieged had abundant water, but the Persian force was in need.
The enemy was astounded at the manifestation of the goddess and took off his own accoutrements covering his body; he sent for dedication the mantle and torque and armlets, and in addition to these the Persian cap and Persian curved short sword, and even the covered carriage, which had previously survived, but during the priesthood of Halios [held] by Eukles the son of Astyanax, when the temple was burnt, it was burnt up with most of the dedications. Datis himself broke up his quarters because of the events aforementioned, made a treaty of friendship with the besieged people, and declared in addition that the gods protect these people. About these things Eudemos declares in his work Lindian Topics, Ergias in the fourth book of his Investigations, Polyzalos in the fourth book of his Investigations, Hieronymos in the second book of his Heliaka, Myron in the eleventh book of his Encomium of Rhodes, Tìmokritos, in the first book of his Annalistic Account, Hieron in the first book of his work About Rhodes. But Xenagoras says in the fourth book of his Annalistic Account that the epiphany happened when Mardonios had already been dispatched by Datis. Aristion also speaks about the manifestation in the... of his Annalistic Account.

Event Date: -490 GR

§ D60  Another (epiphany).
During the priesthood of Halios [held] by Pythannas, the son of Arkhipolis, in Lindos someone having been shut in secretly at night hanged himself from the supports set firmly in the wall along the back of the statue. And when the Lindians wished to send to Delphi and to ask what it was necessary to do about the incident, the goddess, standing over the priest in his sleep, commanded him to be serene about these and to lay bare of the roof that part above the statue and to leave it as is until three days should pass and it should be cleansed by the washings of her father. Then to reconstruct the roof just as it had been before and after purifying the temple in the customary ways to make a sacrifice according to ancestral custom to Zeus... to the mostrai of the priest and ...

Event Date: -400 GR

§ D87  ... Eudemos in his work About Lindos, Timokritos in the third book of his Annalistic Account, Xenagoras in the... of his Annalistic Account, Onomastos in the second book of his Annalistic Account, Aristonymos in his Collection of Dates.

Event Date: -300 GR

§ D94  Other [epiphany]:
When the city was besieged by Demetrius, Kallikles, having retired from the priesthood of Athena the Lindian, but still living in Lindos, believed that the Goddess stood over him in his sleep to command him to announce to one of the prytaneis, Anaxipolis, that he should write to King Ptolemy and should invite [him] to come to the aid of the city, since she would lead and she would secure both victory and dominance. But if he did not announce this to the prytanis and if that man [Anaxipolis] did not write to Ptolemy, they would be sorry. The first time that Kallikles saw the vision, he did nothing. But when the same thing happened to him repeatedly – for six nights in a row standing over his head she made the same command -- then Kallikles, arriving at the city, set forth these things to the council members and made things clear to Anaxipolis. The council members dispatched Anaxipolis to Ptolemy. …

Event Date: -304 GR
END
Event Date: 2021

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